The Journal of Economics and Rural Development (JERD) is an open-access journal and operates under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).

Open Access License

All articles published in the Journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).

This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction, adaptation, and commercial use of the published material in any medium or format, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

License element:

• BY (Attribution) – Credit must be given to the author(s).

User Rights

Under the CC BY 4.0 license, users are permitted to:

• Read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles.
• Use the content for research, teaching, and any other lawful purpose, provided proper attribution is given.

Any reuse of the Journal’s content, in whole or in part, must include appropriate bibliographic citation of the article and a link to the Journal’s official website.

Author Copyright

Copyright of all articles published in The Journal of Economics and Rural Development (JERD) is retained by the author(s).

Authors grant the Journal a non-exclusive license to publish the article and to distribute it in all forms and media, including:

• Publication of the article in the Journal.
• Distribution of electronic copies through the Journal’s official website, electronic databases, repositories, and indexing services.

Copyright Agreement

Upon acceptance of an article for publication, the corresponding author is required to sign a Copyright Agreement on behalf of all co-authors.

The signed agreement (scanned copy) must be sent to the Journal’s editorial office via email: journalofeconomicsit@gmail.com

The Copyright Agreement is available in:

• Arabic (Download File)
• English (Download File)
• French (Download File)

Author Declarations

By submitting a manuscript to the Journal, the author(s) certify that:

• The manuscript is an original work produced by the author(s).
• All individuals who contributed significantly to the work are listed as authors or acknowledged appropriately.
• All co-authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approved its submission.
• The manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
• Any material owned by third parties is used with written permission, and proper acknowledgment is included.
• The manuscript contains no defamatory, unlawful, or unethical content and does not infringe upon the rights or privacy of others.